茉莉花的综合利用
施兆鹏 湖南农业大学教授、博士生导师 (长沙 410128)
(湖南农业大学茶学系;湖南省天然产物工程技术研究中心)摘要:本文就茉莉花的综合利用问题提出了一些看法,旨在全面系统地利用这一宝贵的花源,除用于提制茉莉香料和用于窨制茉莉花茶外,文中指出花渣的再利用。可提制茉莉浸膏,制成茉莉速溶茶粉、茉莉多糖、茉莉花酮等产品,此外还可利用其根与叶制成治疗多种疾病的药物。在此基础上提出茉莉花茶叶链的设想。
关键词:茉莉花;花渣利用;茉莉花产业链The comprehensive Utilization of Jasmine Flower
Shi Zhao-peng, Huang Jian-an, Shi Ying, Chen Jin-hua
(Tea Department of Hu Nan Agricultural University;Hunan Provincial Research Center of Natural Products)
Abstract: In order to comprehensively utilize this precious flower material, the viewpoint about the problem of the comprehensive utilization of Jasmine flower is put forward in this article. Except for being used to extract jasmine perfume and scent jasmine flower tea, it is put forward that the deposed flower is recycled. It can be extracted jasmine concentrated liquid, produced jasmine instant tea powder、jasmine polysaccharides and jasmine flavone. In addition, the root and leaf of jasmine flower can be utilized to produc medicine for curing many kinds of diseases. On this base, the image of industry chain of jasmine flower is put forward.
Key words: jasmine flower; utilization of deposed flower; industry chain of jasmine floweer 茉莉花学名是Jasminum sambac(L.) Ait,原产于波斯(今伊朗),也有人认为原产于印度和阿拉伯之间,约于汉代时由印度传入我国,汉.陆贾《南越行纪》中记有“南越之境,五谷无味,百花不香,此二花(指耶溪茗花、茉莉花)特芳香者,源自胡国移至,不随水土而变”。晋.嵇含(263-306)《南方草木状》载有:“耶溪茗花,茉莉花皆胡人自西国移植于南海。南人怜其芳香,竞竞植之”。耶溪茗花是素方花(Jasmine)的音译名。上述南越、南海系指古时广东、福建一带地方。
茉莉花佛经中称之为“抹丽”,是淹没群芳的意思。唐.郑松崽“风韵传天竺,随经入汉京”。北宋.蔡襄“素馨出南海,万里求商舶,团栾茉莉丛,繁香暑中折”。茉莉随佛教由天竺(印度)传入,可能是先在海南岛,有海南岛再传入福建、广东等地,现在福建、广东、广西、湖南、浙江、江苏、云南、四川等省都有茉莉花生产,在我国年产鲜花量约为6万吨,其中广